Importance of intellectual property rights

Importance of intellectual property rights IMPORTANCE OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS- Intellectual property rights are accepted all over the world due to some important reasons. They were essentially recognized for the acceptations of these rights are:- Provides incentive to the individual for new creations. Providing due recognition to the creators and inventors. Ensuring the material reward for intellectual property. Ensuring the availability of the original products. For economic growth and advancement in technology sector protection of Intellectual property protection is important. They are benefited for the growth of the business in the field of technology. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW INTRODUCTION INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW Comprises of the following Laws:- The Laws relating to Trade Marks / Brands (Trade Marks Act, 1999), Property Marks The Laws relating to Copyright (Copyright Act, 1957) Artistic Work, Literary Work, Audio Video Records and Software The Laws relating to Industrial Designs (Designs Act, 2000) The Laws relating to Patents (The Patent Act, 1970) The Laws relating to Geographical Indications. The geographical Indications of (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 The Laws relating to Internet (Information Technology Act, 2000) INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT INFRINGEMENT-An intellectual property infringement is the infringement or violation of an intellectual property right. Copyright infringement- Copyright-It is a type of protection which is given to the authors of original works including literary, dramatic, and musical and certain other intellectual works, which may be published and unpublished. Copyright infringement (or copyright violation) is the use of material unauthorised that is covered by copyright law, that violates one of the copyright owners exclusive rights, such as the right to perform the copyrighted work. It is also known as copyright violation. Patent infringement- Patent-It is issued by United States Patent and Trademark Office. A patent is the right to the inventor for an invention. Patent infringement prohibition act with respect to a patented invention without permission from the patent holder. By means of the licence permission may be granted. It is also known as patent violation. Trademark A trademark gives separate identity to the goods and services to make them distinguish from the others. It protects words, names, symbols, sounds. Trademarks can be renewed for forever or as long as they are going to be used. There is no need for registration of a trademark in the U.S. Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attaching to a trademark without the authorization of the trademark owner or any licensees. Infringement may occur when one party, the infringer, uses a trademark which is identical to a trademark owned by another party, in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services which the registration covers. An owner of a trademark may commence legal proceedings against a party which infringes its registration. It is also known as trademark violation. Objectives- To know the reasons infringement of the intellectual property rights. To know why to care about IPR? What the protection measures and provisional measures? Case related to Intellectual Property Right Infringement. Review of literature- Economic Effect of Intellectual Property Right Infringement There is a great effect of Intellectual Property Right Infringement .U.S companies suffer losses in recent years because their Intellectual Property Rights (trademarks, copyrights and patents) are not properly protected abroad. International Trade Commission data is collected from 244 US firms and the data is used to study economic effect of foreign infringement of US intellectual property rights in five sectors of industry. The profit and losses of US suppliers is much as compared to total profits, this implies that the losses are greater than the profits earned by suppliers who are infringing on rights, but that the losses may be least than the benefits to infringers and consumers. From Research it is pointed out that research results suggest that Lessing profits lost to infringers by one percent would require significant increases in identification and enforcement costs. RESEARCH METHODOLGY- TYPES OF DATA USED-Secondary data SOURCES OF SECONDARY DATA- Data is collected from the journals, Newspapers, Internet CAUSES OF INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INFRINGEMENT Too much cost of Research and development. Globalisation Litigation delays in implementing ip rights and award of damages Software piracy WHY CARE ABOUT IPR- Patents are benefit to the owner of the IP and it add importance to industrial as well as business concerns , discoveries and provide incentives for private sector investment into their development. They all should have separate Research and development center. Globalization and advancement of technology has played an important role in intellectual property protection for small and medium sized enterprises. The intangible nature of intellectual property creates challenges for those businesses, to protect their inventions, brands, and business in foreign markets. Intellectual property protection is necessary to the success of biotechnology companies. For these companies, the patent system serves to encourage them for the development of new medicines and diagnostics for treatment and monitoring diseases, and agricultural products. HOW TO OBTAIN INFORMATION ABOUT INFRINGEMENT OF TRADE MARK / COPYRIGHT The best way to get information about the piracy of trade mark / copyright is companies marketing strategies. The best alternative is engagement of detective agencies on contractual basis, which have their own other network. By surveys in major metropolitan cities of India, the information can be obtained about the infringement / piracy of goods and these surveys will lead to and result in the identification of manufacturing, go downs, distribution network. JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN INDIA The Indian judicial system is independent from executive / government and it is creation of Constitution of India. It is mandatory to obey the orders of the Courts in India by Central State Governments and any non-compliance of the order of the courts are taken as very serious and that may result in the fine and / or imprisonment. In India High Court and Supreme Court judgments has the force of the law. Even in the world the Indian Judicial System is one of the best legal systems which have codified laws and established procedures. REMEDIES AVAILABLE UNDER INDIAN LAWS CIVIL REMEDIES Injunction/ stay against the use of trade Damages can be claimed Accounts and handing over of profits For custody there is appointment of local commissioner/infringing material sealing. Under order 39 rule 1 2 of the CPC the application is filed. CRIMINAL REMEDIES Before the chief judicial magistrate the complaint is filed. Evidence of the infringement of the IPR. Under sec. 93/94 the application is filed. Search of infringing material is done by Police as per orders and directions given by the court. Lodging of fir and search under section. 156 of the criminal procedure code, 1973. JURISDICTION FOR FILING CIVIL / CRIMINAL LITIGATION Civil Cases- The jurisdiction for filing in a civil suit will include given facts and fulfillment of given conditions:- From where the cause of action has occrued? Where the violations of IPRs are taking place? Where the defendants work for gain? Trade Marks Act, 1999, it provides an exception, to registered trade mark and the registered Trade Mark owner can file a case with in court, from where the holder is carrying its business. The jurisdiction for filing a case depends on the activities of the defendants. There is no need to file a suit in different courts separately. PROTECTION AGAINST INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS INFRINGEMENT The infringement of intellectual property rights (IPRs) are by administrative procedures and legal proceedings. In civil liabilities, the infringer may ordered to stop the violated activities, eradicate the damage done, make public apologies and compensate for all the damages. In administrative measures, they include warnings in order to stop the violating activities, fines, and compensation for damages made. The interested parties go for mediation, when there is IPR infringement dispute arises. If mediation failed, or interested parties refused to abide by the outcome of mediation, legal proceedings may be instituted with peoples court. The interested parties may also request the relevant administrative authorities for actions. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS When an IPR infringement dispute arises, the infringed party may institute legal proceedings directly with the peoples court at the place where infringing activity takes place If an interested party finds that due to emergency or by any delay in stop the infringing activities may cause damages to his/her rights, he may, before instituting legal proceedings, request the peoples court to freeze the assets of the infringer. The peoples court will see to it that the infringer, if the infringer is convicted, he will be made to bear civil liabilities for the infringing act. The infringer will be prosecuted for his criminal liabilities where the case is so serious to constitute a crime. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES (a) Information and Proof to be Submitted When infringement of IPR dispute rises, the interested may request the administrative authorities and above at the place of the infringers domicile In order to make the request to the administration authorities, the interested party should have to submit a written proof of his right and evidence of the infringing act. (b) Processing by Administrative Authorities It is the duty of the administrative authorities to handle the dispute and they have to make decision whether the complaint will be processed within 15 days upon receipt of the request and they have to tell their decision to applicant. If the decision is negative, a written will be given to the applicant and if the decision given by the administration authorities is negative than the applicant will given an explanation in written form within 7 days. (c) Calculation of Compensation On the request of the applicant, the competent administrative may order the infringer to pay for damages? For infringing of copyright, the compensation amount is calculated according to the direct damages caused by the infringement and reasonable fees incurred by the copyright holder in investigating and stopping the infringing act. For infringing of trademark, the compensation amount is calculated on the basis of profits gained by the infringer through the infringement during the infringement period or the damages suffered by the infringed party during the infringement period. For infringing of patent, the amount of compensation is calculated according to the damages suffered by the patentee or the profit which is gained by the infringer through the infringement. Where it is difficult to determine the damages suffered by the patentee. It is also difficult to calculate that how much profit is earned by the infringer, royalty amount of patent may used as per calculation. (d) Dissatisfaction with Administrative Punishment Decisions Instituting administrative proceedings If the interested party is not satisfied with the punishment made by the administrative authorities than within 3 months from the receipt of the notification of decision, and apply to the local government or administrative securities at higher level for reconsideration of the decision. Instituting administrative reconsideration Within 10 days, the authorities should have to decide whether to handle the case or not. If the interested party is satisfied than within 2 months for reconsideration, a decision should be made on that basis. If the interested party is not satisfied with the decision on reconsideration than within the 15 days after the receivable of the notification of the decision, institute administrative proceedings with the peoples court. EFECTIVENESS OF LEGAL ACTION AGAINST INFRINGEMENT PIRACY It is practically very difficult to completely prevent piracy / infringement / violation of intellectual property rights as we know India is a very large country in geographical terms and densely populated country. There are own advantages and limitations of civil and criminal legal actions. Mostly piracy in India takes place in small scale industries, unorganized sector A separate suit has to be filed against each and every company / firm / individual in civil suits, which are filed against infringements, as the infringement by each pirate will amount a new cause of action, separate suits have to be filed against each of them. As compare to criminal remedies the civil remedies are easier. Due to publicity, campaigning the effectiveness of criminal remedies is more as compared to civil remedies. Any criminal action / prosecution is treated as a social stigma in India which leads to condemnation by the society. PROVISIONAL MEASURES The judicial authorities shall have the authority to order promptly and effectively provisional measures: to prevent an infringement of intellectual property rights from occurring, and in order to prevent the entry into the channels of commerce in their jurisdiction of goods, including imported goods immediately after customs clearance To preserve supportive evidence in regard to the IPR infringement. It is the right provided to the judicial the applicant has to give supportive evidences in order to satisfy themselves, and to order the applicant to provide a security or equivalent assurance which is sufficient to protect the defendant and to prevent abuse. The applicant needs to supply other necessary information for the identification of the goods concerned by the authority. If judicial authorities found that there has no infringement or there is no any threat of infringement of an intellectual property right, the judicial authorities has right that upon request of the defendant the applicant should have to provide compensation for any injury, damages to the defendant. REGISTRATION OF IPR IS NECESSARY OR NOT ot necessary in the case of Trade Marks Copyrights Yes, necessary in the case of Patent Industrial Design Geographical Indication REGISTRATION OF IPR CAN BE CANCELLED OR REVOKED? Yes If Fraud If there is Misrepresentation Against the rights of opponent If it is registered by the registrar by error. Registration is prohibit under some law Registration against public policy CASES- PIRACY RACKET UTV software and communications, producers of the film `Whats Your Raashee? has demanded a compensation of Rs 50 crore each from Adlabs Films Limited and UFO movies for piracy and infringement of copyright. It was movie of Ashutosh Gowariker and its masterprint was stolen from Adlabs .UTV send notice to Adlabs as the masterprint of the movie copied by illegal means. And it was sold to persons who done business of piracy. It caused a large damage. Stolen of masterprint was not an easy task, this was possible only by the help of some highly-placed persons which may be the employee of Adlabs. Only a highly authority person can get the prints and can made copies. UFO movies employee Rajesh Chowdhry was arrested in the piracy of the movie `Aage Se Right. This shows that the security system is not good and it does not provide any solid protection. The social service branch arrested two more employees of two private companies their names were Neerav Shah, he was the manager of Reliance big pictures and other one name was Nagda Kalapi , he was the head of overseas distribution of Shemaroo pictures. They both get a benefit of Rs 35,000 to 50,000 per film as per the inquiry done by police. IPR INFRINGEMENT REMEDIES IN USA The Brand owners which are settled outside USA faces IPR infringement within the United States. Most of the Europe brand owner mistook that the remedy to IPR infringement is only civil and criminal remedies are seldom used. Which is not so. US use many a remedies to deal with IPR infringement cases. Victim brand owners faces criminal remedy many a times in United States and this is true that many states deals much better with IPR violation remedy as compare to federal agencies. State prosecution requires much less investigations resources and results come faster as compare to other remedy used. To defend for your brand in US one need to register ones trademark with States Patent and Trademark Office, along with this it needs registration internationally and with USPTO too. Once an infringer is suspected it is given with a cease and desist notice which is another useful criteria. In this notice description should be there duly that verifies that the product was really infringed. As evidence the product that is purchased by the infringer should be produced. There are two main ways of prosecution in US. federal prosecution state prosecution Penalty is sometime higher in federal prosecution and sometime the same for both the prosecutions. During the investigation time it is the practice of infringer that he continues to flood the market with counterfeit merchandise .It costs as loss to the brand. So the prosecution should take less investigation time for the sake of brand owner and most of the time state prosecution takes much less time as compare to federal prosecution. Conclusion The Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) has social, economic, technological and political impacts. Rapid technology, globalisation and fierce competitions leading to protect the innovations from violations by the help of IPR such as patents, trademarks, service marks, industrial design registration, copy rights and trade secrets. But still there is infringement of Intellectual Property Rights. The Government is also taking measures to prevent them. There are laws regarding the prevention of Intellectual Property Rights Infringement. BIBLIOGRAPHY P Dalmia from IP IT Laws DivisionVaish Associates Advocates http://iprinvestigators.com/opinion1.html http://www.osec.doc.gov/ogc/occic/ipr.htm http://www.legalserviceindia.com/articles/ip.htm http://www.hktdc.com/info/mi/a/bgcn/en/1X002MHP/1/Guide-to-Doing-Business-in-China/8-3-Protection-Against-Intellectual-Property-Rights-Infringement.htm http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/city/mumbai/Piracy-racket-Producers-seek-Rs-100-cr-in-damages/articleshow/5048906.cms http://www.xing.com/net/markenrecht/general-343444/ipr-infringement-remedies-in-the-usa-18851544/18851544/

The Blind Side

The Blind Side Identify the title, text type, composer and year of publication * ‘The Blind Side’ is a film composed by John Lee Hancock (2009) Identify the context in which your ORT has been set and they key ideas related to the concept of belonging which are represented. * The blind Side was created based on the 2006 book ‘The Blind Side: Evolution of a game†. The film was set in Memphis, in various environments such as A Christian School, the Tuohy’s household and other areas.This film explores the life of the main character, Michael Oher, and his journey from a sense of dislocation and alienation from those around him, to feeling acceptance and a sense of self identity towards himself. Aspects of belonging explored in this film include the relationships that are developed throughout the film which create for Michael a sense of identity, acceptance, understanding, and the potential for Michael to take a further journey in his life. The connections t hat Michael develops with Leigh Anne Tuohy are the catalyst for the noticeable change that Michael experiences in relation to feeling a sense of inclusion.Outline at least FOUR key ideas about belonging which are represented in your ORT. * The background experiences within his family, he is one of 7 and doesn’t know his father, while his mum is a drug addict. * The journey to a new environment, connections made with people and the place. * The acceptance of Michael and being welcomed into the Tuohy’s household. * Never judge a book by the cover- Leigh Anne Tuohy accepts Michael for who he is, not what he looks like. * From this Film, we understand a new meaning to helping those who are less fortunate, its all the little things that can have a large impact on the individual.Discuss how the composer has used a variety of language modes, forms, features and structures to represent these key ideas? (At least 12 PEEL or TQE for each) FILM TECHNIQUES * Opening sequence- Show s a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Jo Thiemann’s leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Tuohy narrates this scene with the voice over narration and she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the moulding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts. The long slow motion shot of Michael Oher introduces Michael to the story, with his town home within the background of the shot. The effect of Flashbacks at the moment when Michael was separated from his mother is to give a short insight as to what Michael Oher had experienced. * On Michael’s journey to the new Christian School that will eventually become a second home for Michael there is a panning shot of Michael in the back seat of the car. Visually we can see that Michael’s body language is conveying a sense of shyness, worry and alienation, as if Michael was in a completely different world.This shot also displays the new opportunity that is about to infold for Michael- new place and n ew opportunity. * The close up shot of Michael observing the ‘new world’ clearly conveys the curiosity and separation form the new town that surrounds him. * Dialogue- â€Å"It’s a brave kid†. â€Å"For wanting to come here. † â€Å"For wanting a quality education†. â€Å"I can tell you most young lads with his background wouldn’t come within 200 miles of this place†. The teachers within the Christian School discuss Michaels want to start an education.The teachers state that ‘Most’ young lads with his background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , would not be interested in aiming to achieve something. The automatically judge Michael without knowing who he is as a person. * The use of shot reverse shot of the teacher and Michael whilst in the classroom displays Michael’s unsureness of the new school life and feeling of exclusion from the other children, as well as showing the teachers look of concern and her determination to help Michael. The Film includes a lot of close up shots, in order to convey emotions such as sadness and joy. John Lee Hancock includes close up shots within the film to purposely emphasize the range of emotions that the characters experience, so that it can allow the audience to relate to the position that the characters are in and to help them achieve a re-evaluation of their values, attitudes and beliefs.Discuss similarities between the text â€Å"The simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† composed by John Lee Hancock. * The relationship that develops between Billy and Old Bill is one that is similar to the relationship between Leigh Anne Tuohy and Michael Oher. To Old Bill, he views Billy as a son and treats him the way that he would treat his own. Leigh Anne Tuohy eventually adopts Michael Oher and the relationship that is developed is one similar to mother and son. Both Billy and Michael both come from a disconnected family in they both had no relationship with their father. Billy and Michael both have experienced a bad lifestyle but then they both start a new journey to a new life, in which they both successfully achieve. Once they have made this journey, a new sense of self identity, acceptance and inclusion is felt strongly and the audience of both stories effectively motivate us to change or re-evaluate our own values, attitudes and beliefs.While this this â€Å"rags to riches† storyline isn't new in the world of Hollywood, it definitely redefines values that have somewhat been lost in our 21st  century society. This film is based on the true story of Michael Oher, who was featured in Michael Lewis' book  The Blind Side: Evolution of the Game. While the screenwriter of The Blind Side, John Lee Hancock, probably took some artistic liberty to make these factual events more heart stirring, whatever the changes may have been, I believe that The Blind Side still remains true to the reality.After wat ching the preview, you already know what is going to happen in the movie; however, the movie truly brings to life Michael Oher's story and goes into depth to show the relationship between Oher and the Touhys. The opening scene of Blind Side shows a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Joe Theismann's leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Touhy, played by Sandra Bullock, narrates this scene as she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the molding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts.Oher was born to a drug-addicted mother, he had over a dozen siblings and was homeless for years. The Touhy's took Michael Oher, who is played by Quinton Aaron, under their wings and helped him grow into an incredible athlete. For me, there were two incredibly moving scenes. The first was the when Oher told Mrs. Touhy he's never had his own bed before and the second was when Oher called Mrs. Touhy â€Å"Momma† for the first time. At the closing credits, newspaper acc ounts of young men from Oher's part of Memphis that were killed by gang violence were flashed on the screen.There are so many people in this world that are like Michael Oher before he joined the Touhy family. Where might Micheal Oher be today without the help of the Touhys? So, even though you already know how the story ends, The Blind Side is still worth seeing for both the exceptional acting and the moving story of Michael Oher's life. Not only is it just the story of Oher's life though, but it is also a thought-provoking movie that shows that there is still goodwill in this world despite the violence and hatred we see every day. The Blind Side The Blind Side Identify the title, text type, composer and year of publication * ‘The Blind Side’ is a film composed by John Lee Hancock (2009) Identify the context in which your ORT has been set and they key ideas related to the concept of belonging which are represented. * The blind Side was created based on the 2006 book ‘The Blind Side: Evolution of a game†. The film was set in Memphis, in various environments such as A Christian School, the Tuohy’s household and other areas.This film explores the life of the main character, Michael Oher, and his journey from a sense of dislocation and alienation from those around him, to feeling acceptance and a sense of self identity towards himself. Aspects of belonging explored in this film include the relationships that are developed throughout the film which create for Michael a sense of identity, acceptance, understanding, and the potential for Michael to take a further journey in his life. The connections t hat Michael develops with Leigh Anne Tuohy are the catalyst for the noticeable change that Michael experiences in relation to feeling a sense of inclusion.Outline at least FOUR key ideas about belonging which are represented in your ORT. * The background experiences within his family, he is one of 7 and doesn’t know his father, while his mum is a drug addict. * The journey to a new environment, connections made with people and the place. * The acceptance of Michael and being welcomed into the Tuohy’s household. * Never judge a book by the cover- Leigh Anne Tuohy accepts Michael for who he is, not what he looks like. * From this Film, we understand a new meaning to helping those who are less fortunate, its all the little things that can have a large impact on the individual.Discuss how the composer has used a variety of language modes, forms, features and structures to represent these key ideas? (At least 12 PEEL or TQE for each) FILM TECHNIQUES * Opening sequence- Show s a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Jo Thiemann’s leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Tuohy narrates this scene with the voice over narration and she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the moulding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts. The long slow motion shot of Michael Oher introduces Michael to the story, with his town home within the background of the shot. The effect of Flashbacks at the moment when Michael was separated from his mother is to give a short insight as to what Michael Oher had experienced. * On Michael’s journey to the new Christian School that will eventually become a second home for Michael there is a panning shot of Michael in the back seat of the car. Visually we can see that Michael’s body language is conveying a sense of shyness, worry and alienation, as if Michael was in a completely different world.This shot also displays the new opportunity that is about to infold for Michael- new place and n ew opportunity. * The close up shot of Michael observing the ‘new world’ clearly conveys the curiosity and separation form the new town that surrounds him. * Dialogue- â€Å"It’s a brave kid†. â€Å"For wanting to come here. † â€Å"For wanting a quality education†. â€Å"I can tell you most young lads with his background wouldn’t come within 200 miles of this place†. The teachers within the Christian School discuss Michaels want to start an education.The teachers state that ‘Most’ young lads with his background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , would not be interested in aiming to achieve something. The automatically judge Michael without knowing who he is as a person. * The use of shot reverse shot of the teacher and Michael whilst in the classroom displays Michael’s unsureness of the new school life and feeling of exclusion from the other children, as well as showing the teachers look of concern and her determination to help Michael. The Film includes a lot of close up shots, in order to convey emotions such as sadness and joy. John Lee Hancock includes close up shots within the film to purposely emphasize the range of emotions that the characters experience, so that it can allow the audience to relate to the position that the characters are in and to help them achieve a re-evaluation of their values, attitudes and beliefs.Discuss similarities between the text â€Å"The simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† composed by John Lee Hancock. * The relationship that develops between Billy and Old Bill is one that is similar to the relationship between Leigh Anne Tuohy and Michael Oher. To Old Bill, he views Billy as a son and treats him the way that he would treat his own. Leigh Anne Tuohy eventually adopts Michael Oher and the relationship that is developed is one similar to mother and son. Both Billy and Michael both come from a disconnected family in they both had no relationship with their father. Billy and Michael both have experienced a bad lifestyle but then they both start a new journey to a new life, in which they both successfully achieve. Once they have made this journey, a new sense of self identity, acceptance and inclusion is felt strongly and the audience of both stories effectively motivate us to change or re-evaluate our own values, attitudes and beliefs.While this this â€Å"rags to riches† storyline isn't new in the world of Hollywood, it definitely redefines values that have somewhat been lost in our 21st  century society. This film is based on the true story of Michael Oher, who was featured in Michael Lewis' book  The Blind Side: Evolution of the Game. While the screenwriter of The Blind Side, John Lee Hancock, probably took some artistic liberty to make these factual events more heart stirring, whatever the changes may have been, I believe that The Blind Side still remains true to the reality.After wat ching the preview, you already know what is going to happen in the movie; however, the movie truly brings to life Michael Oher's story and goes into depth to show the relationship between Oher and the Touhys. The opening scene of Blind Side shows a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Joe Theismann's leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Touhy, played by Sandra Bullock, narrates this scene as she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the molding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts.Oher was born to a drug-addicted mother, he had over a dozen siblings and was homeless for years. The Touhy's took Michael Oher, who is played by Quinton Aaron, under their wings and helped him grow into an incredible athlete. For me, there were two incredibly moving scenes. The first was the when Oher told Mrs. Touhy he's never had his own bed before and the second was when Oher called Mrs. Touhy â€Å"Momma† for the first time. At the closing credits, newspaper acc ounts of young men from Oher's part of Memphis that were killed by gang violence were flashed on the screen.There are so many people in this world that are like Michael Oher before he joined the Touhy family. Where might Micheal Oher be today without the help of the Touhys? So, even though you already know how the story ends, The Blind Side is still worth seeing for both the exceptional acting and the moving story of Michael Oher's life. Not only is it just the story of Oher's life though, but it is also a thought-provoking movie that shows that there is still goodwill in this world despite the violence and hatred we see every day. The Blind Side The Blind Side Identify the title, text type, composer and year of publication * ‘The Blind Side’ is a film composed by John Lee Hancock (2009) Identify the context in which your ORT has been set and they key ideas related to the concept of belonging which are represented. * The blind Side was created based on the 2006 book ‘The Blind Side: Evolution of a game†. The film was set in Memphis, in various environments such as A Christian School, the Tuohy’s household and other areas.This film explores the life of the main character, Michael Oher, and his journey from a sense of dislocation and alienation from those around him, to feeling acceptance and a sense of self identity towards himself. Aspects of belonging explored in this film include the relationships that are developed throughout the film which create for Michael a sense of identity, acceptance, understanding, and the potential for Michael to take a further journey in his life. The connections t hat Michael develops with Leigh Anne Tuohy are the catalyst for the noticeable change that Michael experiences in relation to feeling a sense of inclusion.Outline at least FOUR key ideas about belonging which are represented in your ORT. * The background experiences within his family, he is one of 7 and doesn’t know his father, while his mum is a drug addict. * The journey to a new environment, connections made with people and the place. * The acceptance of Michael and being welcomed into the Tuohy’s household. * Never judge a book by the cover- Leigh Anne Tuohy accepts Michael for who he is, not what he looks like. * From this Film, we understand a new meaning to helping those who are less fortunate, its all the little things that can have a large impact on the individual.Discuss how the composer has used a variety of language modes, forms, features and structures to represent these key ideas? (At least 12 PEEL or TQE for each) FILM TECHNIQUES * Opening sequence- Show s a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Jo Thiemann’s leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Tuohy narrates this scene with the voice over narration and she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the moulding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts. The long slow motion shot of Michael Oher introduces Michael to the story, with his town home within the background of the shot. The effect of Flashbacks at the moment when Michael was separated from his mother is to give a short insight as to what Michael Oher had experienced. * On Michael’s journey to the new Christian School that will eventually become a second home for Michael there is a panning shot of Michael in the back seat of the car. Visually we can see that Michael’s body language is conveying a sense of shyness, worry and alienation, as if Michael was in a completely different world.This shot also displays the new opportunity that is about to infold for Michael- new place and n ew opportunity. * The close up shot of Michael observing the ‘new world’ clearly conveys the curiosity and separation form the new town that surrounds him. * Dialogue- â€Å"It’s a brave kid†. â€Å"For wanting to come here. † â€Å"For wanting a quality education†. â€Å"I can tell you most young lads with his background wouldn’t come within 200 miles of this place†. The teachers within the Christian School discuss Michaels want to start an education.The teachers state that ‘Most’ young lads with his background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , would not be interested in aiming to achieve something. The automatically judge Michael without knowing who he is as a person. * The use of shot reverse shot of the teacher and Michael whilst in the classroom displays Michael’s unsureness of the new school life and feeling of exclusion from the other children, as well as showing the teachers look of concern and her determination to help Michael. The Film includes a lot of close up shots, in order to convey emotions such as sadness and joy. John Lee Hancock includes close up shots within the film to purposely emphasize the range of emotions that the characters experience, so that it can allow the audience to relate to the position that the characters are in and to help them achieve a re-evaluation of their values, attitudes and beliefs.Discuss similarities between the text â€Å"The simple Gift† composed by Steven Herrick and the film â€Å"The Blind Side† composed by John Lee Hancock. * The relationship that develops between Billy and Old Bill is one that is similar to the relationship between Leigh Anne Tuohy and Michael Oher. To Old Bill, he views Billy as a son and treats him the way that he would treat his own. Leigh Anne Tuohy eventually adopts Michael Oher and the relationship that is developed is one similar to mother and son. Both Billy and Michael both come from a disconnected family in they both had no relationship with their father. Billy and Michael both have experienced a bad lifestyle but then they both start a new journey to a new life, in which they both successfully achieve. Once they have made this journey, a new sense of self identity, acceptance and inclusion is felt strongly and the audience of both stories effectively motivate us to change or re-evaluate our own values, attitudes and beliefs.While this this â€Å"rags to riches† storyline isn't new in the world of Hollywood, it definitely redefines values that have somewhat been lost in our 21st  century society. This film is based on the true story of Michael Oher, who was featured in Michael Lewis' book  The Blind Side: Evolution of the Game. While the screenwriter of The Blind Side, John Lee Hancock, probably took some artistic liberty to make these factual events more heart stirring, whatever the changes may have been, I believe that The Blind Side still remains true to the reality.After wat ching the preview, you already know what is going to happen in the movie; however, the movie truly brings to life Michael Oher's story and goes into depth to show the relationship between Oher and the Touhys. The opening scene of Blind Side shows a playback of Lawrence Taylor snapping Joe Theismann's leg in 1985. Leigh Anne Touhy, played by Sandra Bullock, narrates this scene as she talks about the importance of the tackle position in football to the molding of Michael Oher and his astounding protective instincts.Oher was born to a drug-addicted mother, he had over a dozen siblings and was homeless for years. The Touhy's took Michael Oher, who is played by Quinton Aaron, under their wings and helped him grow into an incredible athlete. For me, there were two incredibly moving scenes. The first was the when Oher told Mrs. Touhy he's never had his own bed before and the second was when Oher called Mrs. Touhy â€Å"Momma† for the first time. At the closing credits, newspaper acc ounts of young men from Oher's part of Memphis that were killed by gang violence were flashed on the screen.There are so many people in this world that are like Michael Oher before he joined the Touhy family. Where might Micheal Oher be today without the help of the Touhys? So, even though you already know how the story ends, The Blind Side is still worth seeing for both the exceptional acting and the moving story of Michael Oher's life. Not only is it just the story of Oher's life though, but it is also a thought-provoking movie that shows that there is still goodwill in this world despite the violence and hatred we see every day.

Definition and Examples of Acrolects

In sociolinguistics, acrolect is a creole variety that tends to command respect because its grammatical structures do not deviate significantly from those of the standard variety of the language. Adjective: acrolectal. Contrast with basilect, a language variety that is significantly different from the standard variety. The term mesolect refers to intermediate points in the post-creole continuum.The term acrolect was introduced in the 1960s by William A. Stewart and later popularized by linguist Derek Bickerton in Dynamics of a Creole System (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1975) Observations Acrolects . . . are better described as linguistic innovations characterized by the incorporation of linguistic features which have their origin in the contact situation itself. Unlike standard languages, acrolects usually have no overt set of linguistic norms and are pragmatically motivated (i.e. depend on the formality of the situation). In other words, the concept of the acrolect is both absolute (on the level of the speech community) and relative (on the level of the individual) . . ..(Ana Deumert, Language Standardization and Language Change: The Dynamics of Cape Dutch. John Benjamins, 2004) Varieties of British English Spoken in Singapore For [Derek] Bickerton, an acrolect refers to the variety of a creole that has no significant difference from Standard English, often spoken by the most educated speakers; the mesolect has unique grammatical features that distinguish it from Standard English; and the basilect, often spoken by the least educated people of the society, has very significant grammatical difference.In reference to Singapore, [Mary W.J.] Tay points out that the acrolect has no significant grammatical differences from Standard British English and typically differs in vocabulary only by extending the meaning of existing words, for example, using the word bungalow to refer to a two-storied building. The mesolect, on the other hand, has a number of unique grammatical features such as the dropping of some indefinite articles and the lack of plural marking on some count nouns. Also, there are several loan words from Chinese and Malay. The basilect has more significant differences such as copula deletion and do-de letion within direct questions. It is also characterized by the use of words that are typically considered slang or colloquialisms.(Sandra Lee McKay, Teaching English as an International Language: Rethinking Goals and Approaches. Oxford Univ. Pres, 2002) Varieties of American English Spoken in Hawaii Hawaiian Creole is now in a state of decreolization (with English structures slowly replacing the original creole structures). In other words, one may observe in Hawaii an example of what linguists call a post-creole continuum: SAE, which is taught in schools, is the acrolect, that is, the socially prestigious lect, or language variant, at the top of social hierarchy. At the bottom socially is the basilect—heavy pidgin or more accurately heavy creole, a lect least influenced by SAE, usually spoken by people of low economic and social status who had very little education and very little chance to learn the acrolect in school. Between the two there is a continuum of mesolects (in between variants) which range from being very close to the acrolect to those which are very close to the basilect. Many people in Hawaii control various parts of this continuum. For example, most educated, professional people born in Hawaii, able to speak SAE at work in the office, switch to Hawaiian Cr eole when relaxing at home with friends and neighbors. (Anatole Lyovin, An Introduction to the Languages of the World. Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)

Race, By Ali Rattansi And Between Barack And A Hard Place

What is race? It is defined as descendants of a common ancestor; one of the distinct variations of the human species; race or lineage. (Websters New Dictionary 1998). As our society becomes more educated, the debate on whether or not this is the true definition of race, or as today’s Sociologists see it, is race merely socially constructed. Race, as it applies across scientific lines, is determinate to represent the human species as a whole, therefore there is but one race†¦. Human. The readings of â€Å"Racism, a very short introduction† by Ali Rattansi and â€Å"Between Barack and a hard place† by Tim Wise, asks the question of the determination of race. This question is still being asked from the early nineteen hundreds to the late fifty’s and up until the recent nineties. Many descendants of duel ethnicities are asking of question of â€Å" who am I†. They are confused as to where they fit into the equation of the categorization of race. We are still consumed with the notion that there is some possible generalization that can used to determine who belongs and who doesn’t, to a certain category of ethnicity. Throughout the process of natural selection, uninhibited love and the freedom of choice, we humans continue to cloud the reality for the concept of race. This social construction of race no longer holds as a scientific factor. Physical features such as skin color and eyes and hair have been proven scientifically to be components of the location of environment. These traits were

Finance - 4387 Words

SEAT NUMBER: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦ ROOM: .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. FAMILY NAME.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. This question paper must be returned. Candidates are not permitted to remove any part of it from the examination room. OTHER NAMES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. STUDENT NUMBER†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. MID-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2011 Unit: ACCG252: Applied Financial Analysis and Management Date: Tuesday 14th June 2011 at 8:50am Time Allowed: 3 hours plus 10 minutes reading time. Total Number of Questions: 30 Multiple Choice Questions plus 9 full response questions. Instructions: 1. PART A (30 marks): There are 30 multiple choice questions. Answers to these must be recorded on a red-coloured General Purpose Answer Sheet which will be marked by a computer. Please make sure your name is on†¦show more content†¦The firm has no preference shares. The current debt-to-equity ratio is 0.58 and the after-tax cost of debt is 6.4%. The company just hired a new CEO who is considering eliminating all debt financing. All else constant, what will the firms cost of capital be if the firm switches to an all-equity firm? A. 14.14% B. 13.37% C. 12.62% D. 12.89% E. 11.45% 9. Which one of the following statements is accurate for a levered firm? A. A reduction in the risk level of a firm will tend to decrease the firms WACC. B. An increase in the market risk premium will decrease a firms WACC. C. WACC should be used as the required return for all proposed investments. D. A firms WACC will decrease whenever the firms tax rate decreases. E. The subjective approach totally ignores a firms own WACC. 5(34) 10. Assume that you are comparing two firms which are identical, with one exception. Firm A is an all-equity firm and Firm B has a debt-to-equity ratio of 0.60. All else equal, Firm A will: A. have lower EPS than Firm B when the level of EBIT is relatively low B. generate a lower EBIT, but higher net income than Firm B C. always have higher EPS than Firm B, since it has no interest expense D. have lower EPS than Firm B when the level of earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) is relatively high E. generate a higher EBIT, but lower net income than Firm B 11. Yamba Prawns Limited has justShow MoreRelatedFinance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial manager differ from the traditional financial manager? Does the modern financial managers role differ for the large diversified firm and the small to medium size firm? The traditional financial manager was generally involved in the regular finance activities, e.g., banking operations, record keeping, management of the cash flow on a regular basis, and informing the funds requirements to the top management, etc. But, the role of financial manager has been enhanced in the todays environment;Read MoreFinance1074 Words   |  5 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE COURSE CORPORATE FINANCE 2.1 Working Capital Management Sept. 2014 Ir Frank W. van den Berg mba Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam ALYX Financial Consultancy bv, Aerdenhout FWvdB/2014 1 OUTLINE CORPORATE FINANCE FWvdB/2014 †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Basics Guiding principles †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Time value of money + Capital Budgeting †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of CF + Bonds †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of shares (+ co.’s) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Analysis (Ratios) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Planning (EFN) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ à  Ã¯Æ'   Working Cap. Mgt. (A/R,Read MoreThe Finance1054 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires intentional short-term and long-term planning. 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It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

Two Reviews of Angela Davis Free Essays

Two Reviews of Angela Davis’ Women Race and Class (1983) By: Brittany Turnbull I. The Reviews a. Amy Winter [Women Race and Class] Off Our Backs, January-February Issue (2005) pp48-49 b. We will write a custom essay sample on Two Reviews of Angela Davis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ann Russo [Book Review]Women Studies International Forum, Volume 6, Number 2 (1983) pp249 II. Summary of Reviews a. Winter, Off Our Backs The reviewer focused on the different parts of history of the African American woman as well as the history of all women as a whole. She broke up the review by discussing each chapter to coincide with Davis’ break up of her book and focused on the important details of each chapter that she found Davis had brought out. Winter doesn’t offer much opinion within her review because she mainly sticks to the fact that the book is written about oppression of African American women and African American people and she mainly describes exactly what Davis wrote. However, Winter did offer some criticism when Davis had written about how women working in the factories and doing hard labor was more interesting than doing house work. Winter found that there was no difference because either way something needed to be cleaned. One just reaped the benefits of a paycheck while the other did not. This was a good and thorough review because not only did it look at the whole book but it looked at each individual chapter and the main points within each chapter. b. Russo, Women Studies International Forum There is a different approach to this review because it is basically an analysis of what Davis’ theme or overall meaning of the book was. Russo described the book in the sense that the book wasn’t about oppression of Black women or Black people. It was about comparing the Black women to White women the overall sexist oppression that they both had to overcome and still are overcoming. Russo described this book as a being a feminist book about feminism as a whole and the revolution of all women. There was no discussion about the history of oppression that Black women had to live with over time or anything along those lines. There was not mention of historical figures as well. This review was good in the sense that it was an analysis of the overall idea of the book, however I feel that Russo was completely wrong in her analysis. She failed to realize the exact struggles and the exact differences between White and Black women. She also failed to realize that the use of White women within the text was to compare how much more difficult Black women had had it over White women in terms of the sexual and racial discrimination that Black women have had to encounter and attempt to overcome throughout history. How to cite Two Reviews of Angela Davis, Papers

Management In Hospitality Service Quality †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management In Hospitality Service Quality? Answer: Introduction Business organisations are in the market to sell their products to customers to satisfy their needs(Bateson, 2010). Business firms sell two types of products. Goods are the tangible products which can be physically touched and purchased by the customers. However, services are experiences which are purchased but cannot be seen and touched(Looy, 2013). Therefore, service providers need to give certain additional tangible cues or evidences to the customers to make them aware of the service delivery(Ennew, 2013). The following analysis trues to assess the physical evidences created by two competing hotel groups; Marriot and Hilton through their websites. The analysis also tries to assess which of these companies does a better job of creating tangible evidence. Comparison of Tangible Evidence created by Marriott and Hilton Group of Hotels through their website Services are different from goods because they are intangible, homogenous and inseparable from the owner or the service provider (Fisk, 2013). Due to the intangibility of services, customers and service providers rely on tangible cues or evidences to judge the service before purchasing. These tangible cues can be design, logo, tagline, any exterior design or any physical attribute of the service like its features, colour or any other quality (Lovelock, 2012). Billing summary can also be considered as physical evidence of the service. In other words, physical evidence is the environment of the service delivery(Mudie, 2013). Physical or tangible evidence is very important as it gives credibility to the delivery of the intangible service. Hospitality industry is a part of service industry as customers pay for the experience of staying in a hotel and not for the hotel itself(Evans, 2015). Service experience of a hotel includes the experience of its interiors, exteriors, ambiance, food and the hospitality offered by staff(Mohinder-Chand, 2016). Hotel industry uses many cues as a way to convince the customer about service quality(Ford, Sturman, Heaton, 2011). Infrastructure design and hotel ambiance related cues are main service evidence cues that hoteliers use(Wirtz, 2012). However, with the advent of digital technology, information available on the website of the hospitality company is also becoming a major source of tangible evidence cues for the customer(Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013). Therefore, it would be interesting to contrast the tangible evidence provided by two competing hotels through their website. Marriott hotels and resorts is a flagship brand of Marriott International(Marriott, 2017). The company is headquartered in Washington DC. Marriott international started its hoteling journey in 1956 and now has around 546 hotels and resorts across the globe(Marriott, 2017). The hotel group functions in the luxury hotel segment and has a number of full service hotels in different global locations. Hilton Hotels and Resorts is a global hotel company(Hilton, 2017). The company was founded in 1919 and has a huge brand recall across the globe. The firm is headquartered in McLane Virginia, USA and has more than 570 hotels and resorts across the globe(Hilton, 2017). Like Marriott, Hilton hotel also functions in the luxury hotel and resort segment and offers high end luxury stay to its customers, Both Marriott and Hilton are competitors in full service luxury hotel segment of the hospitality industry(Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013). Both these hotel chains are renowned for quality. As the firms operate in service industry and offer a service experience which is intangible, homogenous and inseparable, they have to provide tangible cues to make the customer aware of their service quality.(Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013). Tangible evidence helps in convincing the customer of the service quality and its actual attributes. Importance of physical evidence arises from the triple attribute of the service experience(Evans, 2015). These triple attributes are that services are intangible, inseparable and homogenous. Customers cannot actually touch, own or differentiate between basic service provides(Hoffman Bateson, 2010). They can only experience the service. These triple attributes of services make it necessary for the service provider to generate differences through service quality(Fisk, 2013). The service provider also needs to make customer understand these services through tangible cues. Marriott Hotels provide a catalogue of its various hotel locations on its website by way of physical evidence cues(Marriott, 2017). Website of Marriott hotels has pictures of a beautiful hotel location on its home page as a proof of its external ambiance(Marriott, 2017). This helps customer to get an understanding of the style of hotels external dcor. Marriott hotel also has its Logo on the home page(Marriott, 2017). The logo provides a powerful brand recognition and recall for any organisation(Evans, 2015). Therefore, Marriott hotel group tries to convince its customers by creating trust through the brand power generated by a logo Marriott hotels have a separate tab on the website for deals and packages where different packages for customers are described in detail(Marriott, 2017). Packages contain holiday or business travel, packages inclusive of taxi and flight booking etc. The package details can be downloaded or can be provided through email by creating an account with Marriott(Marriott, 2017). These details create a tangible evidence for Marriot hotels because they come as a proof of service delivery and promise of quality of service. The Marriott hotel website also has pictures and details of various types of events like weddings, conventions and meetings that have been held at the hotel in the past(Marriott, 2017). Therefore, people who want to host events in the hotel can also get tangible evidence of service quality and nature of service delivery(Marriott, 2017). By looking at these past details customers can easily understand what to expect from the hotel service. The hotel also has a contact tab from where the customers can contact the hotel and get detailed brochures and other details in written and oral format(Marriott, 2017). This also acts as tangible evidence and gives tangibility to service delivery. However, as compared to Marriott hotel the website of Hilton hotel has a more attractive website layout (Hilton, 2017) . Website attractiveness adds to the tangible element of the service as the customer feels more comfortable about the service if he finds the tangible evidence attractive(Bateson, 2010). On the home page of Hilton hotels website, there are different tabs which help the customer to navigate through the website(Hilton, 2017). There is a huge catalogue with pictures of various Hilton hotel and resort locations(Hilton, 2017). These pictures along with their details can be downloaded and cross checked(Hilton, 2017). Therefore, these details act as powerful tangible cues. The website of Hilton hotel also provides detail of restaurants that are available in various hotels(Hilton, 2017). The pictures give an image of luxury, comfort and good ambiance which is a major service element of Hilton(Hilton, 2017).Additionally, Hilton hotels accurately creates an image of luxury hotel stay through the catalogue of resorts, hotels and restaurants. Hatton hotel website also has evidences of different deals and offers which the company has for various segments of the customers(Hilton, 2017). For example, there are seasonal discounts for travellers who aspire for a five star luxury life style but cannot afford it(Hilton, 2017). There are deals for newlywed couples, meetings and conventions(Hilton, 2017). These offers provide tangible cues regarding the service delivery in a specific situation. Additionally, there are various entertainment and add on services like taxi service, flight bookings, cruise parties etc. which are mentioned on the web site which provide an additional evidence of sensitivity of the hotel for customers comfort(Hilton, 2017). Therefore, Hilton hotel tries to generate service evidence through the website which can generate trust and convince the customer about quality of service delivery. On comparison of the websites of Hilton and Marriott hotels, it can be observed that both competing hotel groups try to project the picture of best service provider through their websites. Both websites give descriptions of hotel rooms, services, various events and deals. However, Hilton hotel has done a better job of projecting the physical and tangible evidences through their website (Hilton, 2017). Hilton hotel has a more attractive and easily navigable website (Hilton, 2017). The catalogue of Hilton hotel contains many more details about the hotels and resort locations as compared to Marriott hotel. Marriott hotel website does not look very attractive at first glance. Additionally, Menu tab is separate and at first look is not very visible(Marriott, 2017). This may lead to frustration of the customer. However, Marriott hotel gives better description of events and other offers in the hotel(Marriott, 2017). This can create better trust for the customer. However, compared to the number of pictures put by Hilton they need to improve. Therefore, Hilton hotel does a better job in creating tangible evidence of service through their website. Conclusion Tangible evidence helps to generate tangibility in service delivery. Both Hilton and Marriott successfully create tangible evidence through various features of their website. However, on the basis of attractiveness of the website, Hilton has the upper hand. References Bateson, J. E. (2010). Services Marketing. NewYork: South-Western Cengage Learning,. Ennew, C. (2013). Financial Services Marketing: An International Guide to Principles and Practice. New York: Routledge. Evans, N. (2015). Strategic Management for Tourism, Hospitality and Events. New York: Routledge. Fisk, R. P. (2013). Services Marketing Interactive Approach. NewYork: Cengage Learning. Ford, R., Sturman, M., Heaton, C. (2011). Managing Quality Service In Hospitality: How Organizations Achieve Excellence In The Guest Experience. New York: Cengage Learning. Hilton. (2017). Home. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from www.hilton.com Hoffman, K., Bateson, J. (2010). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies, Cases. London: Cengage Learning. Looy, P. E. (2013). Service Management: An integrated approach. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Lovelock, C. (2012). Services Marketing : People, Technology, Strategy. New Delhi: Pearson Education India. Marriott. (2017). Home. Retrieved Septemner 18, 2017, from https://www.marriott.com/ Mohinder-Chand, D. (2016). Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism and Hospitality in the BRIC Nations. hARSHEY: IGI Global. Mok, C., Sparks, B., Kadampully, J. (2013). Service Quality Management in Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure. New Y0ork: Routledge. Mudie, P. (2013). Services Marketing Management. New York: Routledge. Wirtz, J. (2012). Essentials of Services Marketing. New Jersey: FT Press.